Application and deployment
Placement issues
- Cap vs. mixing
- Buoyancy: specific gravity for coal is about 1.3-1.4 and for coke about 1.9
Material type and dose; transfer rates
Chronic bioassays: survival, growth, reproduction, and bioaccumulation
- Neanthes arenaceodentata, infaunal, deposit feeding polycheate worm
- Leptocheirus plumulosus, estuarine amphipod
Coke screening for organic and inorganic contaminants
- No detectable PAHs: less than 0.04 mg/kg
- Nonhazardous by TCLP for inorganics [As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Se, and Ag]