Site-Specific References
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| Title: | Hydraulic Design Considerations for Permeable In-Situ Groundwater Treatment Walls |
| Author(s): | Gallinati, J.D.; S.D. Warner |
| Citation: | Association of Groundwater Scientists and Engineers, NGWA, October 1994, Las Vegas, NV, 1994. |
| Abstract: | Abstract currently unavailable. |
| Title: | Design and Evaluation of an In-Situ Ground Water Treatment Wall Composed of Zero-Valent Iron |
| Author(s): | Gallinati, J.D.; S.D. Warner; C.L. Yamane; F.S. Szerdy; D.A. Hankins; D.W. Major |
| Citation: | Ground Water, 33:5, 834-835, 1995. |
| Abstract: | At the former Intersil site in Sunnyvale, CA, a full-scale in situ permeable treatment wall was constructed for the remediation of ground water affected by chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The patented treatment process, licensed by Environmental Technologies Inc., utilizes granular zero-valent iron as a porous reactive medium within a funnel-and-gate system to enhance the degradation of VOCs dissolved in ground water. The Sunnyvale project provides a framework for assessing the factors that must be considered when moving from laboratory studies of PRB technology to design and construction of a full-scale treatment system. |
| Title: | In Situ Groundwater Treatment by Granular Zero-Valent Iron: Design, Construction and Operation of an In Situ Treatment Wall |
| Author(s): | Szerdy, Frank S.; John D. Gallinatti; Scott D. Warner; Carol L. Yamane; Deborah A. Hankins; John L. Vogan |
| Citation: | Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) in Subsurface Environment: Assessment and Remediation. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. ISBN: 0-7844-0203-5, 245-256, 1996. |
| Abstract: | An in situ permeable treatment wall containing granular iron was designed and constructed to treat ground water affected by halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) beneath the former Intersil semiconductor manufacturing facility in Sunnyvale, CA. The treatment wall replaced a pump and treat system that had been operating since 1987. The site is the first full-scale commercial application of PRB technology. |
| Title: | The Use of Field Redox Measurements in Assessing Remediation of Ground Water Containing Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Chlorinated Organic Compounds |
| Author(s): | Warner, S.D.; J.D. Gallinatti; J.H. Honniball |
| Citation: | Ground Water, 33:5, 857-858, 1995. |
| Abstract: | At two sites near San Francisco, CA, field measurements of the reduction-oxidation (redox) condition of ground water were used to assess the effects of in situ remediation of ground water affected by petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated organic compounds. At the first site, hydrogen peroxide was being injected into the subsurface to stimulate bioremediation of petroleum contamination. At the second site, ground water containing chlorinated organic compounds was being treated by a subsurface permeable reactive wall containing granular iron. The in situ dechlorination treatment caused reducing conditions in the ground water, which resulted in the decrease in ground-water Eh from am ambient reading of about -50 mv to about -400 mv. |
| Title: | Assessing the Feasibility of Permeable Reactive Barriers for Treating VOC-Affected Groundwater In Situ: Experience from the First Full-Scale Commercial Application in California |
| Author(s): | Warner, S.D.; C.L. Yamane; J.D. Gallinati; F.S. Szerdy; D.A. Hankins |
| Citation: | International Containment Technology Workshop, Permeable Reactive Barriers Subgroup, 29-31 August 1995, Baltimore, MD, 1995. |
| Abstract: | Abstract currently unavailable. |
| Title: | Permeable Reactive Barriers for Treating VOC-Affected Groundwater: Revisiting the Sunnyvale "Iron Wall" |
| Author(s): | Warner, S.D.; C.L. Yamane; J.D. Gallinati; F.S. Szerdy; D.A. Hankins |
| Citation: | Environmental Management and Technology Conference, 5 November 1997, Long Beach, CA. 269-282, 1997. |
| Abstract: | A subsurface permeable reactive treatment zone (PRTZ) composed of granular iron was installed at a former semiconductor-manufacturing facility in Sunnyvale, CA to passively treat ground water contaminated with chlorinated solvents. It was the first commercial full-scale implementation of permeable reactive barrier technology. |
| Title: | The Feasibility of Permeable Reactive Barriers for in Situ Groundwater Treatment: the Sunnyvale "Iron Wall" and Beyond |
| Author(s): | Warner, S.D. |
| Citation: | Subsurface Barrier Technologies Conference: Engineering Advancements and Application Considerations for Innovative Barrier Technologies, 26-27 January 1998, Tucson, AZ. International Business Communications, Southborough, MA, 1998. |
| Abstract: | Abstract currently unavailable. |
| Title: | Considerations for Monitoring Permeable Ground-Water Treatment Walls |
| Author(s): | Warner, Scott D.; Carol L. Yamane; John D. Gallinatti; Deborah A. Hankins |
| Citation: | Journal of Environmental Engineering. 124:6, 524-529, 1998. |
| Abstract: | Permeable treatment walls (PTWs) have been implemented as an innovative in situ ground-water treatment method. The ground-water monitoring program for a reactive barrier should consider several factors: 1) barrier design elements; 2) the chemistry and mechanics of the remediation process to be implemented; 3) the distribution of contaminants in the affected aquifer; 4) ground-water sampling methods; and 5) regulatory issues. Numerous specific sampling and monitoring issues are also addressed. A case study of the first commercial installation of a PTW at a site in Sunnyvale, CA, illustrates the concepts used to develop a ground-water monitoring program for the on the residence time for reaction of contaminants in gates and innovative technology that was accepted by regulatory agencies for a commercial site. |
| Title: | Technical Update: the First Commercial Subsurface Permeable Reactive Treatment Zone Composed of Granular Zero-Valent Iron |
| Author(s): | Warner, Scott D.; Carol L. Yamane; N.T. Bice; F.S. Szerdy; J. Vogan; D.W. Major; D.A. Hankins |
| Citation: | Designing and Applying Treatment Technologies: Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 145-150, 1998. |
| Abstract: | The first commercial full-scale subsurface permeable reactive treatment zone (PRTZ) composed of granular iron was installed at a former semiconductor-manufacturing facility in Sunnyvale, CA to passively treat ground water contaminated with chlorinated solvents. The site history is outlined, and the initial construction methods are described. Since installation of the barrier, the concentrations of target VOCs from performance wells within the PRTZ have been reduced to cleanup standards. |
| Title: | Zero-Valent Metals Provide Possible Solution to Groundwater Problems |
| Author(s): | Wilson, E.K. |
| Citation: | Chemical & Engineering News, 73:27, 19-22, 1995. |
| Abstract: | Ground water contaminated by chlorinated solvents from the Intersil Semiconductor Site, Sunnyvale, CA, is being treated by 220 tons of iron filings in the first full-scale commercial demonstration of permeable reactive barrier technology. In addition to a discussion of the Sunnyvale installation, this paper contains comments from a number of researchers in the field. |
| Title: | Installation of a Subsurface Groundwater Treatment Wall Composed of Granular Zero-Valent Iron |
| Author(s): | Yamane, C.L.; S.D. Warner; J.D. Gallinati; F.S. Szerdy; T.A. Delfino; D.A. Hankins; J.L. Vogan |
| Citation: | Proceedings of the 209th American Chemical Society National Meeting, 2-7 April 1995, Anaheim, CA. Preprints, 35:1, 792-795, 1995. |
| Abstract: | Abstract currently unavailable. |
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